Journal of Microbiology and Infection

Zoonotic Diseases

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Vertebrate animals can unwittingly spread diseases to humans, causing significant challenges for both public health and clinical microbiology laboratories. Diverse illnesses can be triggered by pathogens including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and parasites. More than 60% of human pathogens come from animals, illustrating the need for a comprehensive understanding and well-planned strategies to control them.

The impact of zoonotic diseases on human health spans a wide range, with pathogens like coronaviruses, flaviviruses, and filoviruses causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The resurgence of these diseases is attributed to the combined effects of climate change, urban growth, increased global travel, and escalating human-animal interactions, thus highlighting the importance of monitoring and regulating these diseases. The field of clinical microbiology encounters unique obstacles when identifying and managing illnesses that can be transmitted from animals to people. Prompt identification and accurate diagnosis of pathogens responsible for disease in animals are crucial for delivering high-quality patient care and implementing effective measures to prevent the transmission of infection. The employment of sophisticated diagnostic methods, including molecular assays and next-generation sequencing, has enhanced the capacity to detect and categorize these pathogens, thereby allowing for timely interventions.

Preventing the spread of zoonotic diseases necessitates a focus on taking preventative measures proactively. These initiatives include vaccination programs, vector control methods, public awareness campaigns, and policies promoting safe animal handling practices. The One Health approach has played a crucial role in developing a comprehensive strategy that considers the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, thereby enabling the creation of comprehensive plans to prevent and control zoonotic diseases. Effective management of zoonotic diseases requires a coordinated team approach that bridges the gap between animal and human health. Comprehensive research, surveillance, and collaboration among various sectors are vital to address the evolving threats posed by these diseases and safeguard public health.