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Microbiome research is the study of the microorganisms that inhabit various niches within and on the human body. The human microbiome is a complex ecosystem that plays a critical role in human health and disease. Microbiome research involves characterizing the composition and function of these microbial communities, as well as investigating the interactions between the microbiome and host physiology. Advances in microbiome research have led to new insights into the pathogenesis of various diseases, as well as the potential for microbiome-based interventions for prevention and treatment.