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Public health microbiology is the application of microbiological techniques and knowledge to improve public health outcomes. This field encompasses a range of research areas, including disease surveillance, outbreak investigations, and the development of public health policies and guidelines. Public health microbiology plays a critical role in the prevention and control of infectious diseases, as well as in the development of strategies to mitigate the impact of emerging infectious diseases. Advances in public health microbiology have enabled the development of more effective and efficient public health responses to infectious disease threats, leading to improved public health outcomes.